The Final

Black sicklebill (Epimachus fastuosus)

The black sicklebill is a large bird of paradise, with, as the name suggests, a long, strongly curved bill. The tail is extremely long; this species is the largest-plumed of all birds of paradise, a family well-known for its colorful and highly ornate species.

As with most members of this family of birds, male black sicklebills are significantly larger and more spectacular in appearance than females; they are largely black in color but show a beautiful metallic-green and purple iridescence in certain light conditions. Females are brown in color with chestnut fringes to the wing feathers. The underparts are off-white and feature delicate dark-brown barring. Both sexes possess reddish-brown eyes.Male black sicklebills produce nasal contact calls and a liquid quik, quik call.

Male 100 cm, female 48 cm. Large bird-of-paradise with long, decurved bill and very long tail. Male largely black, but in suitable light scale-like feathers show intense iridescence of metallic green-blues with purple washes. Female warm brown with chestnut wing-feather fringes and fine, dark brown barring on off-white underparts. Male iris red and female iris red-brown.

Epimachus fastuosus is patchily distributed in the mountains of western and central New Guinea, from the Vogelkop of Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), Indonesia, to the Torricelli and Bewani Mountains of Papua New Guinea and in the central ranges eastward to the Kratke Range.

This bird of paradise forages for fruit and small animals in the tree canopy. It has frequently been observed probing into moss and plants for insects and other arthropods.

The population size is preliminarily estimated to fall into the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.

It is hunted for its tail feathers and for food; however, there has been a reduction in hunting due to a law preventing the killing of birds with non-traditional means.Hunters target adult males and, although the species persists in areas lacking these males, breeding success has not been investigated.Hunting occurs mainly for collection of feathers for traditional customary practices, although birds or feathers are occasionally sold to tourists, even though it is illegal to take them out of the country.

Although the black sicklebill is protected by law in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, hunting continues in these areas.Enforced hunting bans have been put into force at Crater Mountain and Ok Tedi; populations increased at Crater Mountain as a result. There is an urgent need for research into this species.The full range of the bird must be surveyed and population sizes need to be established.

Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)

The Siberian Crane, Grus leucogeranus, also known as the Siberian White Crane or the Snow Crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes.

The Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) is the third most endangered crane species in the world. It is unique amongst cranes in that it has a serrated bill,which enables it to feed easily on underground roots and on slippery prey items.

Males are similar in appearance to females but are slightly larger and the flute-like calls of this species are unique amongst cranes.

Size: 1.4 m (2), Wingspan: 2.1 - 2.3 m (2),Weight: 4.9 - 8.6 kg.

This species breeds in arctic Russia in Yakutia and western Siberia. It is a long distance migrant. The eastern population winters on the Yangtze River in China, the central population at Keoladeo National Park, India and the western population in Fereidoonkenar and Esfahan in Iran. It breeds and winters in wetlands, where it feeds on the shoots, roots and tubers of aquatic plants.

The Siberian crane has a unique high-pitched voice and has the most specialized habitat requirements of any species of crane.The nest is a flat mound of grasses and sedges which rises around 12 to 15 centimeters above the water level.Eggs are laid between May and mid-June, and although two eggs are usually produced just one chick is reared successfully.Whilst on the breeding grounds,the Siberian crane feeds on plants, roots, seeds and berries.Some insects, small mammals, fish and frogs will also be eaten.

The Siberian crane uses wetlands for feeding, nesting and roosting, preferring wide areas of shallow fresh water with good visibility.The breeding grounds of the eastern population are situated on tundra and sedge dominated wetlands. The central population breeds in sphagnum bogs and marshy areas and overwinters in artificial water bodies that hold monsoon rainwater.

The status of this crane is critical, as it is expected to undergo a rapid population decline in the near future. The wintering site in China holding 95% of the population is threatened by hydrological changes caused by the Three Gorges Dam.The Siberian Crane is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

Crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata)

The following unmistakable small rodent is definitely without difficulty revealed by way of it has the substantial plus amazing long tail feathers. Sometimes a woman of all ages of your type boasts an outstanding plumage, although the gentlemen will be awesome, owning between the premier longest tail feathers on the earth during 173 centimeters.

The feminine is noticeably lesser versus the males, which includes a short long tail including a dimly lit plumage, that is certainly extra banned as compared with saw versus the male's. The top of your girl argus has the benefit of a specialized sample and its crested. If perhaps outside experience, a small rodent is often revealed by way of it has the not one but two particular callings: a person an extended two-toned whistle, other your comfortable clucking

Adult male length (including tail): up to 239 cm,Adult male tail feather length: up to 173 cm,Adult male tail feather width: up to 20 cm.

In spite of its dimension, the actual timid crested argus isn't simple to notice, as well as small may be recorded regarding it's the field of biology. It's special noisy phone calls show how the chicken is generally one as well as territorial, arriving collectively and then type.

The breeding season is March to May in Laos, although breeding in captivity (northern hemisphere) falls between March and June. Females nest on the ground, in the shelter of a bush or clump of low vegetation.The female lays two eggs, which are incubated for 25 days and the chicks are fed directly by their mother for the first few days of life.

Native to the island in order to Southeast Asian countries. The actual nominate subspecies, R.O. Oscillator,happens across the Annamite hill string within Maine as well as the southern area of Vietnam as well as adjoining far eastern Laos, southern towards the DA Lat Level within the southern area of Vietnam. R.O.nigrescens can be found in main Peninsular Malaysia.

In Laos and Vietnam, this bird is found in primary and secondary evergreen forest from sea-level up to 1,500 meters and from 1,700 to 1,900 meters on the DA Lat Plateau. Although frequently recorded in degraded, logged forest habitats, highest densities occur in the moist primary forest in lowlands up to 900 meters. In Malaysia, the species inhabits mountain forest, generally at an elevation between 800 and 1,100 meters.

The crested argus is actually endangered through environmental destruction, fragmentation as well as reduction, each inside as well as outdoors guarded places. Even though chicken may endure within little wallets associated with woodland, environment fragmentation isolates populations, that leads to decreased health and fitness via inbreeding. The best harm is actually brought on by industrial working, unlawful wood removal, clearance with regard to farming plantations, encroachment through moving cultivators as well as road-building.

This crested argus is usually covered by means of it is a checklist with Appendix II on the Established practice with Overseas Deal with Endangered Variety (CITES). This choke arises in numerous covered regions, as well as Bach Mum Nation's Park your car in addition to at the very least twenty characteristics supplies with Vietnam, at the very least a couple given in addition to a couple planned Nation's Biodiversity Conservation Regions in Laos, in addition to Taman Negara Nation's Park your car with Malaysia.

Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)

A very threatened not to mention unique avian, typically the Bengal florican might be the figures on an enormous duck with the help of principally charcoal plumage. Men of all ages need predominantly vivid white wings, which were obvious when ever nestled vs his or her's charcoal body's and / or when ever through airline ticket. Elongated charcoal feathers at the start, neck of not to mention spine, which are usually fluffed within male's expand aerial monitors, permits the avian some a little mop-like presence.

The plumage of female Bengal floricans does not form such a stark contrast as that of the male; they have more buff-brown plumage and a patch of white on the wing is seen only in flight.Females are also larger than males.Two subspecies of the Bengal florican are recognised; Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini is typically larger than Houbaropsis bengalensis.

Size: Male length: 64 cm,Female length: 68 cm,Male weight: 1250 - 1700 g,Female weight: 1700 - 2250 g.

The Bengal florican, though a capable flier, can be generally witnessed going for walks as well as jogging down the terrain. They have a new various diet regime, eating in pesky insects, grasshoppers, beetles, ants, at times lizards along with smaller snakes, along with grasses, bouquets, sets, all types of berries along with vegetables. Your ratio of such several food products can vary determined by his or her access, to ensure seed subject dominates throughout winter months along with planting season, even though invertebrate animals turns into additional critical throughout summertime.

There are two distinct populations of the Bengal florican.The subspecies H. b. bengalensis occurs in the Indian subcontinent, ranging along the border of Nepal with India and into lowland north-eastern India.H. b. blandini, however, occurs in Southeast Asia, in southern Cambodia and southern Vietnam.Over two-thirds of the global population of the Bengal floricans breed on the seasonally flooded grasslands of the Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia.

The Bengal florican can be an inhabitant regarding smooth, wet grassland, which might be dispersed together with shrubs and also timber.The most suitable home provides aspects of quick grassland interspersed together with sections regarding older grassland. This allows the quick turf favoured simply by men regarding foraging and also showing as well as the taller turf which can be sought after through the sexier elements of the afternoon and also in which females are thought to pay many time.

The most significant danger for the Bengal florican could be the damage and also change regarding the grassland home. Grasslands through the array are usually vulnerable simply by drainage. The conversion process to be able to agriculture, overgrazing, weighty water damage and also improper slicing and also using up regimes. Trying to find sports activity and also foods could have furthermore enjoyed part inside the drop with the Bengal florican and also stays any danger to the Severely Vulnerable types specifically in Cambodia.

Gurney’s pitta (Pitta gurneyi)

The beautiful Gurney's or black-breasted pitta (Pitta gurneyi) is one of the world's most endangered birds due to its tiny declining population. Each gender possesses golden-brown wings as well as shells and also the butt is actually turquoise azure. Guys come with an iridescent azure nape as well as hindcrown, although the actual foreground, encounter, attributes of the mind as well as stomach tends to be dark, and also the flanks tend to be yellow-colored along with dark blocking.

Adult Gurney's pitta females have ochre-yellow crowns, a dark eye patch and the breast and belly are buff coloured with black bars.Juveniles are rufous-brown and speckled and have a black mask.The typical contact and alarm call is 'skyeew' and males also produce short 'lilip' territorial calls.

Size: Length: 20 cm,Weight: 0.10 - 0.11 kg.

This particular timid, evasive varieties are principally the ground-dwelling chicken. Gurney's pitta grown ups forage with regard to earthworms, slugs, snails as well as a number of bugs through moving leaf litter box apart using their expenses; from time to time probing the actual dirt area. Whenever concerned these people quickly sure or even travel aside near to the floor. Reproduction happens within the moist period as well as nests happen to be discovered in between May and August with a peak in June.

Gurney's pitta is endemic to peninsular Thailand and southern Myanmar. At present, the only certain and viable population occurs in a small area known as Khao Nor Chuchi, in the province of Krabi, Thailand.The species had not been seen for many years until it was rediscovered in 1986.Recent figures state that numbers have declined to just nine breeding pairs in 1997 from 44 to 45 in 1986.

Gurney's pitta inhabits lowland semi-evergreen jungle as well as exhibits the choice with regard to thin thick valleys along with little if any undergrowth. There's also a powerful organization along with gully techniques and also the ensuing damp problems which continue throughout every season.

The key reason behind the particular drop regarding Gurney's pitta has been the particular enormous deforestation which includes took place inside peninsular Thailand. Simply in the midst of the particular 1980s, merely some. 7 pact with the authentic material environment protect stayed. Looking, dysfunction simply by human beings and also business may also be considered to have got enjoyed part inside the drop. Deforestation continuing illegally in Thailand through the entire 1990s and lots of Gurney's pitta territory have been damaged because of this.

The animals refuge had been set up within 1993 , however high of the actual environment associated with Gurney's Pitta had been omitted . Within 1990 , the actual Khao Neither Chuchi Lowland Woodland task had been set up , this can be a socio-economic community-level conservation as well as development task , the actual is designed which is usually distinct . Accomplishments range from the development associated with much more animals attractive sites among the mosaic associated with farming , sapling growing , helping woodland safety employees along with advertising environmentally friendly farming .

Whooping Crane

Whooping cranes are almost entirely white.The body and wing feathers are a bright white, except for the tips of the outer wings.The tips of the primary feathers are black.

The most noticeable characteristic of the whooping crane is the large red patch on the head.The red patch extends from the cheek along with the bill and over the top of the head.The red patch is made of skin and is almost featherless.

Whooping cranes have yellow eyes and thin,black legs.

With a height of approximately 5 feet,whooping cranes are the tallest birds in North America.They stand taller than most children! Whooping cranes have a 7 ½ foot wingspan.They are lean birds, which despite their height,weigh only about 15 pounds.They can live above 20-25 years in the wild. 

Whooping cranes are omnivores.They primarily eat crustaceans, small fish,insects, amphibians and reptiles.They'll also eat grains,marsh plants and acorns.

 Cranes eat snails,larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents and berries. They may scavenge dead ducks, marsh birds or muskrats.During migration,they stop to eat aquatic animals,roots of plants and waste grain in stubble fields.In Texas,they eat shellfish,snakes,acorns,small fish and wild fruit.

Whooping cranes mate for life.In early spring,adults display elaborate courtship rituals, bobbing,weaving,jumping and calling with their mates.The female lays two large eggs and both adults incubate them for the next month.The eggs hatch at different times and the second chick is often pushed out of the nest or starved.Chicks can swim as soon as they hatch.They can fly within 80-90 days.

In late April, cranes arrive at their breeding area in Wood Buffalo National Park which extends into northeast Alberta from the N.W.T.By the end of September,the whoopers leave for the 4,000 km flight south to the Aransas National Wildlife Range in Texas.By gliding on wind currents, they can stay aloft for 10 hours and cover up to 750 km.

Conservation efforts since 1938 have resulted in a slow increase.Including those in captivity and 25 cranes in two other wild populations,there are now 320 whooping cranes in the world.

Andean Cock-of-the-Rock (Rupicola peruviana)

Cock of the Rock,a bird of tropical South America named for its habit of building its nest on top of rocks.They are normally found in the forests of the Andes across,Venezuela, Colombia,Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.The male is noted for his courtship dance, consisting of a series of hops.During the dance,he erects a brightly colored crest which extends from the crown to the base of the bill.

The Andean cock-of-the-rock is a medium sized passerine bird typically reaching 32cm in length and weighing around 235g.The male has a large crest and bright orange plumage with a black tail and wings.The female is typically darker and more brown in color with a smaller crest.

There are two species,the Andean or Peruvian,cock of the rock and the Guianan cock of the rock.The male of the Andean species is brilliant orange with black wings and tail. The female is orange-brown.The male of the Guianan species is red; the female,dull brown.

 Their diet mainly consists of insects and fruit,however on the odd occasion they have been seen eating small vertebrates.

 When it comes to breeding season the nests are built by the females.They are usually built using mud stuck on to cave entrances or rocky outcrops.The male spends his energy performing an elaborate display that shows off his magnificent plumage.These displays take place in communal leeks (groups) where males gather to challenge rivals and beckon for the females.The female typically lays two white eggs.

The particular Andean cock-of-the-rock confronts predation coming from hawks, jaguars,the puma corporation,ocelots and also boa constrictors.They may be typically interested in the particular obvious mating behavior with the males.

Scarlet-banded Barbet

This specifically just lately defined kinds is merely acknowledged derived from one of smaller huge batch prime wherever their inhabitants have to be small, in fact it is for that reason shown while Weak.On the other hand, even more exploration over the 50-km prolonged huge batch ridge may possibly disclose your kinds to get a lesser amount of vulnerability.

The Scarlet-banded Barbet is classified as Vulnerable (VU) considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

The particular Scarlet-banded Barbet (Capito wallacei) can be a types regarding fowl inside the Capitonidae household.Simply identified inside 1996 and also technically explained inside 2000,the particular Scarlet-banded Barbet will be endemic to be able to moist highland natrual environment increasing over a ridgetop called Top 1538 inside the distant Cordillera Azul Countrywide Playground inside south-western Loreto,Peru (wrongly outlined as being inside Ucayali,Peru,inside the conventional outline).Whilst it stays relatively frequent,the array will be little as well as the overall human population continues to be projected with lower than 1000 men and women.

 19 cm. Very striking,recently discovered Barbet. Cap and nape scarlet.Broad white supercilium starting from just in front of the eye. Black lores,area below eye and ear-coverts.Scapulars mostly black (yellow "V" in female). Back yellow,large white rump and black tail. Throat and upper breast white, bordered below by a broad scarlet band. Lower breast and belly bright yellow, fading to yellowish-white in undertail coverts. Similar spp.No congeners within range.Voice A hollow purr or trill.

The Scarlet-banded Barbet is currently known only from the unnamed peak,where it is reasonably numerous although much of the region where it was discovered is unexplored and any areas about 1,250 m are likely to provide suitable cloud forest habitat.Currently threats to the species are few because the area is so remote and little visited by people.However, deforestation is extensive and increasing on the western slopes of the Cordillera Azul,some 50 km to the west.

This species are suspected to lose 12.8% of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations (26 years) based on a model of Amazonian deforestation (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011).It is therefore suspected to decline by <25% over three generations.

There's small human being habitation within the watershed as well as not one over three hundred miles.Just a tiny bit of searching is actually carried out through sporadic site visitors. Nevertheless,deforestation is actually considerable about the western downward slope from the surrounding Cordillera Azul,particularly within the drainage from the Río Biabo.

The particular separated shape is unprotected. Lookup outstanding peaks over the separated shape.Examine how big is the human population.Accumulate more details about the ecology and also living historical past.Find safeguarded position for your separated shape.